The Forest Department has taken a significant step toward conserving biodiversity by initiating the removal of eucalyptus trees from the Ranebennur Blackbuck Sanctuary (RBS) in Karnataka’s Haveri district. This effort aims to restore the sanctuary’s natural grassland ecosystem to support the reintroduction of the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB), one of the rarest birds in the world.
Why Eucalyptus Must Go
Eucalyptus plantations, covering 80% of the sanctuary at one point, have severely disrupted the ecosystem. These fast-growing trees inhibit grass growth, forcing native species like blackbucks and wolves to leave the sanctuary. As a result, leopards have replaced wolves as apex predators in the area. The Great Indian Bustard, which thrives in open grassland habitats, is especially impacted by the dense eucalyptus cover, as it relies on clear visibility to monitor predators.
Progress in Restoration
The sanctuary spans 1,200 hectares, and significant progress has already been made:
- Eucalyptus has been cleared from 400 hectares, with another 200 hectares in progress.
- The Forest Department aims to clear 1,000 hectares of invasive trees by 2025, as outlined in its 10-year management plan (2015-2025).
- The sale of extracted eucalyptus has generated Rs 4.32 crore, which will fund grassland restoration efforts.
Ecological and Community Benefits
Restoring grasslands has already shown promising results. Over 40% of the blackbuck population, previously forced to forage outside the sanctuary, is now staying within its boundaries. This reduces conflicts with local farmers, who often face crop damage from blackbucks. Improved grass cover is expected to minimize compensation claims while benefiting local biodiversity.
A Vision for the Return of the Bustard
Globally, fewer than 140 Great Indian Bustards remain in the wild, with 45 chicks being raised at the National Conservation Breeding Centre in Jaisalmer. Karnataka, along with Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh, is being considered for future GIB reintroduction sites. Restoring grassland habitats in Ranebennur and obtaining Union government permissions could make the sanctuary a viable home for these birds.
Expert Advice: Grassland Restoration is Key
Ecologists like Sutirtha Dutta emphasize that removing eucalyptus is only the first step. Active efforts to restore native grasslands are crucial for the GIB’s survival. If successful, Ranebennur could serve as a model for other conservation efforts across India.
By prioritizing habitat restoration, the Ranebennur Blackbuck Sanctuary not only sets the stage for the return of the Great Indian Bustard but also strengthens its role as a vital haven for India’s unique wildlife.
